The Oneness of God Amighty

Oneness of God: There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah.

Faith in the absolute oneness of God Almighty (Tawhid) constitutes the foundational pillar upon which the magnificent edifice of Islam is built. From this sublime principle, all acts of worship and noble ethical values emanate. Despite the firmness of this creed in the hearts of believers, certain misconceptions occasionally arise, attempting to undermine this core tenet by alleging the existence of a partner or offspring to God – may He be exalted far above such claims.

This article aims to refute these baseless assertions with irrefutable logic and clear evidence, drawing upon both rational arguments and scriptural proofs. It seeks to affirm the reality of "La ilaha illa Allah" (There is no god but Allah), elucidating its profound virtues and comprehensive meanings, and substantiating this with signs from the observable universe and the dictates of sound reason.

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Refutation of the Claims about the Existence of Offspring or Partners of God

The assertion that God has an equal or a partner in His dominion or divinity is a notion contrary to sound reason and the definitive texts of revelation.
The following details the most prominent of these misconceptions and their refutation:

1. The Humanity of the Prophets and the Denial of Their Worthiness of Worship

One of the misconceptions raised by some is the attempt to attribute divinity to certain prophets and messengers, particularly concerning their miraculous births or creations. If the creation of the Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) from a mother without a father is cited by some as a reason to claim his divinity, then the creation of Adam (peace be upon him) is even more deserving of such awe and reverence, as God Almighty created him from dust, without a father or a mother. This is a greater miracle and a clearer sign of the perfect power of the Creator, Glory be to Him.

God Almighty states in His decisive revelation:
"Indeed, the example of Jesus to Allah is like that of Adam. He created him from dust; then He said to him, 'Be,' and he was." (Quran, Al Imran: 59).

Thus, the miraculous nature of creation is a sign of God's omnipotence and His unique power to create and ordain, not evidence of the divinity of the created being, who is, in essence, a product of God's design and decree.

The fundamental principle in this regard is that God Almighty has not permitted any human being, regardless of their status or rank, to call people to worship themselves instead of God. The sole mission of the prophets is to call to the oneness of God and to single Him out for worship. God Almighty decisively refutes any such شبهة) shubha doubt/misconception) in this context, stating:

"It is not for a human [prophet] that Allah should give him the Scripture and authority and prophethood and then he would say to the people, 'Be servants to me rather than Allah,' but [instead, he would say], 'Be pious scholars of the Lord because of what you have taught of the Scripture and because of what you have studied.' Nor Ewould he order you to take the angels and prophets as lords. Would he order you to disbelief after you had been Muslims?" (Quran, Al Imran: 79-80).

This noble verse categorically denies that any prophet, including Jesus Christ, the son of Mary (peace be upon him), would call people to worship him; rather, their mission is to call for the worship of God alone.

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2. The Impossibility of the Worshipped Deity Possessing Human Deficiencies

Those who claim divinity for a created being, how can they overlook the inherent human nature that accompanies such a being, a nature that contradicts the attributes of absolute perfection befitting the true God?
A created being, whoever it may be, is inherently needy: they eat to satisfy hunger, drink to quench thirst, and require the excretion of waste for their system to function. These are all attributes of deficiency unbecoming of the God who is Self-Sufficient, free from all needs.

The Quran has pointed to this reality in the context of Jesus and his mother (peace be upon them), stating:

“"The Messiah, son of Mary, was not but a messenger; [other] messengers have passed on before him. And his mother was a supporter of truth. They both used to eat food. Look how We make clear to them the signs; then look how they are deluded." (Quran, Al-Ma'idah: 75).” (Corano, Al-Ma’idah: 75).

The fact that they both ate food is conclusive proof of their humanity and their needs, which negates divinity.

Similarly, God commanded His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him), the seal of the prophets and the master of messengers, to declare his humanity to the people:
"Say, [O Muhammad], 'I am only a man like you, to whom has been revealed that your god is one God.'" (Quran, Al-Kahf: 110).

"Say, [O Muhammad], 'I am only a man like you, to whom has been revealed that your god is one God.'" (Quran, Al-Kahf: 110).

For God, Glorified is He, is the Self-Sufficient, the Praiseworthy; He neither eats nor is He fed, and He is the As-Samad (The Eternal, Absolute, Self-Sufficient Master) to whom all creatures turn in their needs.

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3. The Impossibility of Multiple Deities and the Cosmic Order as Evidence of Oneness

If we were to hypothetically assume the existence of more than one god for this universe, it would inevitably lead to conflict and disagreement over authority and governance, and the wondrous cosmic order we witness would collapse. God Almighty states:
"Had there been within the heavens and earth gods besides Allah, they both would have been ruined. So exalted is Allah, Lord of the Throne, above what they describe." (Quran, Al-Anbiya: 22).

This extraordinary precision in creation, from the tiniest living cell to the movement of enormous galaxies in the vast space, truly testifies that the Creator is One, the Unique Lord without partner in His dominion or in His decree.

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4. The Fundamental Difference Between the Eternal Creator and the Created, Temporal Being

Everything other than God Almighty is a created, contingent being – meaning it did not exist, then it came into existence, and its existence is dependent on the will and decree of its Creator. How, then, can a limited, created being, which has a beginning and an end, ascend to the rank of divinity, an attribute of which is eternity and absolute permanence? God, Glorified is He, is "The First and the Last, the Ascendant and the Intimate, and He is, of all things, Knowing." (Quran, Al-Hadid: 3).

As for created beings, they are governed and subservient, subject to the laws of the universe and the principles of existence that their Creator has instilled within them. This magnificent universe, with all its heavens and earths, was created long before humankind. How, then, can it be rational to worship this weak human creature, who knows not when they will be created in this vast universe, nor when their appointed time will come and they will depart from it, being but a minuscule part of this sprawling existence? True servitude is due only to the Creator who brought the universe into existence from nothingness and governs its affairs with His wisdom and power.

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5. The Principle of Individual Responsibility

Among the fundamental principles brought by Islam, which block any claim of one person bearing the burdens of another, is the principle of individual responsibility. Every human being is responsible for their own actions and will be held accountable for them alone on the Day of Judgment. God Almighty states:
"And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And if a heavily laden soul calls [another] to [carry some of] its load, nothing of it will be carried, even if he should be a close relative. " (Quran, Fatir: 18).

It is inconceivable that someone would come after a period of time to bear the sins or burdens of others, as this contradicts the absolute justice of God and the principle of individual recompense, which is the basis of reckoning on the Day of Judgment. This principle negates any alleged intermediary between God and His creation in bearing responsibility for sins and affirms that every soul is a pledge for what it has earned.

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The Declaration of Faith "La ilaha illa Allah" – Its Sublime Virtues and Comprehensive Meanings

The declaration of faith, "La ilaha illa Allah" (There is no god but Allah), is not merely a phrase uttered by the tongue, but a firm conviction rooted in the heart, a complete way of life, and the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. It is the foundation upon which the call of all prophets and messengers was based. God Almighty says: "And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, 'There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.'" (Quran, Al-Anbiya: 25).

It is the statement for whose sake the heavens and the earth were created, the scriptures were revealed, the messengers were sent, and the scales of justice were established. It is the key to Paradise, the path to salvation from Hellfire, and the mark of success in this world and the Hereafter.

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Mecca: Ka‘ba – The earthly representation of the Divine Throne

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1. Its Immense Virtues and Abundant Fruits

Numerous noble Prophetic traditions (Hadith) explain the great virtue of this blessed statement, including:

• The Key to Paradise: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever dies knowing that there is no god but Allah will enter Paradise." (Sahih Muslim).
• Salvation from Hellfire: He (peace and blessings be upon him) also said: "Indeed, Allah has forbidden for Hellfire anyone who says, 'There is no god but Allah,' seeking thereby the Countenance of Allah." (Sahih Al-Bukhari).
• The Best Form of Remembrance: He (peace and blessings be upon him) clarified that it is the best way for a servant to draw closer to their Lord through remembrance, saying: "The best remembrance is 'La ilaha illa Allah'." (Sahih At-Tirmidhi).
• Condition for Entering Paradise with Sincerity: In another Hadith: "Whoever testifies that there is no god but Allah, sincerely from their heart, will enter Paradise." (Sahih Al-Jami).

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2. Its Profound Meaning

This declaration of monotheism is based on two essential pillars, without which faith cannot be considered authentic:

• Negation (An-Nafy):
  This is the negation of true divinity from everything other than God Almighty. There is no creator but Him, no provider but Him, no controller of the universe's affairs but Him, and no one worthy of worship in truth besides Him. This negation encompasses everything worshipped besides God, whether it be an idol, a human being, an angel, or any other created entity.
• Affirmation (Al-Ithbat):
  This is the affirmation of true divinity for God alone, without any partner. He is the One deserving of all forms of worship, due to His attributes of perfection, majesty, and beauty, and His Most Beautiful Names and Lofty Attributes. God Almighty says: "He is Allah, the Creator, the Inventor, the Fashioner; to Him belong the best names. Whatever is in the heavens and earth is exalting Him. And He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise." (Quran, Al-Hashr: 24).

Scholars have interpreted it to mean:
"Singling out Allah Almighty for worship, with the firm belief that He is the Lord, the Creator, the Owner, the Controller of all affairs, and that He is characterized by attributes of perfection and free from attributes of imperfection"..”

This requires the fulfillment of the three categories of Tawhid:

1. Tawhid ar-Rububiyyah (Oneness of Lordship):
   The firm acknowledgment that Allah Almighty is the Lord of everything, its Sovereign, its Creator, its Sustainer, and the Controller of its affairs, having no partner in that.
2. Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah (Oneness of Worship, also Tawhid Al Ibadah):
   Singling out Allah Almighty with all forms of worship, both outward and inward, verbal and physical. So, none is invoked but Him, none is sought for help but Him, none is relied upon but Him, and no sacrifices or vows are made except for Him, and so on with all other acts of worship.
3. Tawhid Al-Asma' was-Sifat (Oneness of Names and Attributes):
   consiste nell’affermare per Allah ciò che Egli ha affermato per Sé stesso, oppure ciò che il Suo Messaggero (pace e benedizioni su di lui) ha affermato per Lui, tra i Nomi più belli e gli Attributi più elevati, in una maniera che si addice alla maestà e alla grandezza di Allah,
   senza:
   • alterare il significato (tahrif),
   • negare (ta’til),
   • attribuire una modalità o chiedersi “come” (takyif),
   • né paragonarli alle caratteristiche delle creature (tamthil).

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Manifestations of God's Oneness in the Horizons of the Universe and Within Ourselves

This vast universe, with its creativity, perfection, and precise order, speaks with the tongue of its condition that it has a single Creator, Wise and All-Powerful. The signs of God's oneness are manifest in every atom of this existence and in every one of His signs scattered throughout the horizons and within ourselves:<

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1. The Evidence of Creation and Origination:

Everything in this universe proceeds according to a precise system and an exact decree, which neither falters nor becomes disordered. From the movement of celestial bodies in their defined orbits, to the cycle of life and death in the biological world, to the physical and chemical laws that govern matter and energy.
God Almighty says
: "Indeed, all things We created with predestination." (Quran, Al-Qamar: 49),
and also:
"[It is] the work of Allah, who perfected all things." (Quran, An-Naml: 88).
This wondrous perfection cannot be the product of chaos or randomness; rather, it is evidence of the existence of an All-Knowing, All-Wise Creator.

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